Timeline: A chronology of key events in Thailand
消息來源: BBC
中文註解 & 翻譯: by Helen 鄭
1782 - Beginning of the Chakri dynasty under
King Rama I, which rules to this present day.
1782年 拉瑪一世建立卻克里王朝(或譯: 節基王朝)
............並延續至今
The country is known as Siam. 時稱暹羅
New capital of Bangkok founded. 建都曼谷
Bangkok, known as "Krung Thep" - City of Angels
**Krung: 京城 Thep: 梵語: deva 天 直譯: 天京
( "天" 是東方概念裏的天女散花或天人下凡的天, 總之,
是印度文化裏的 "天", 不是老外腦裏背後長翅膀的天使喔)
Population: 7.2 million
曼谷人口: 720萬
Original settlement established by Chinese traders
原為華商群聚之處
Became capital of Kingdom of Siam in 1782
1782年起, 成為泰國首都
1868-1910 - Reign of King Chulalongkorn. Employment of Western advisers to modernise Siam's administration and commerce. Railway network developed.
1968-1910 由第五世王朱拉隆功治理, 為暹羅的管理與商業現代化聘用西方顧問,並開發鐵道
1917 - Siam becomes ally of Great Britain in World War I.
1917年 一次大戰期間, 當英國盟友.
1932 - Bloodless coup against absolute monarch King Prajadhipok. Constitutional monarchy introduced with parliamentary government.
1932年 未經流血即由第七世王King Prajadhipok 頒布憲法,
將暹羅轉為君主是虛位元首的內閣制國家( 君主立憲)
1939 - Siam changes its name to Thailand ("Land of the Free").
1939年 暹羅改名泰國(意為:自由之地)
1941 - Japanese forces land. After negotiations Thailand allows Japanese to advance towards British-controlled Malay Peninsula, Singapore and Burma.
1941年 日軍登泰, 經協商後, 泰國准許日軍借道(進攻)時為英治的馬來半島, 新加坡和緬甸.
1942 - Thailand declares war on Britain and US, but Thai ambassador in Washington refuses to deliver declaration to US government.
1942年 泰國對英美宣戰, 但泰國駐美大使拒絕傳遞宣戰通知書給美國政府
Post-war uncertainty 戰後不確定期
1945 - End of World War II. Thailand compelled to return territory it had seized from Laos, Cambodia and Malaya. Exiled King Ananda returns.
1945年 二次大戰結束, 泰國被迫歸還從寮國, 柬埔寨, 馬來亞的土地.
滯留國外的第八世王阿南返國
1946 - King Ananda assassinated. 拉瑪八世(現任國王蒲美蓬的哥哥) 遇刺身亡.
1947 - Military coup by the wartime, pro-Japanese leader Phibun Songkhram. The military retain power until 1973.
1947年 二次大戰間親日將領披文宋堪, 發動政變. 軍方掌權至1973年.
1965 onwards - Thailand permits US to use bases there during the Vietnam War. Thai troops fight in South Vietnam.
1965年起 泰國准許美軍在越戰期間使用國內軍事基地. 泰軍亦協防南越.
Short-lived civilian rule
短暫的公民治理
1973 - Student riots in Bangkok bring about the fall of the military government. Free elections are held but the resulting governments lack stability.
1973年 曼谷學生示威導致軍方下臺, 然大選後的政府卻不穩定.
1976 - Military takes over again.
1973年 軍方再度掌權
1978 - New constitution promulgated.
1980 - General Prem Tinsulanonda assumes power.
1983 - Prem gives up his military position and heads a civilian government. He is re-elected in 1986.
1988 - General Chatichai Choonhaven replaces Prem after elections.
1991 - Military coup, the 17th since 1932. A civilian, Anand Panyarachun, is installed as prime minister.
1992 - New elections in March replace Anand with General Suchinda Kraprayoon. There are demonstrations against him, forcing him to resign. Anand is re-instated temporarily. Elections in September see Chuan Leekpai, leader of the Democratic Party, chosen as prime minister.
1995 - Government collapses. Banharn Silpa-archa, of the Thai Nation party, elected prime minister.
1996 - Banharn's government resigns, accused of corruption. Chavalit Yongchaiyudh of the New Aspiration party wins elections.
Financial turmoil 經濟風暴
1997 - Asian financial crisis: The baht falls sharply against the dollar, leading to bankruptcies and unemployment. The IMF steps in. Chuan Leekpai becomes prime minister.
1997 亞洲金融風暴: 泰銖對美元直線下降, 導致公司(因負債用美元計價) 與失業
IMF 國際貨幣基金進入插手. 川立派(泰國最大政黨黨魁) 任總理
1998 - Tens of thousands of migrant workers are sent back to their countries of origin. Chuan involves the opposition in his government in order to push through economic reforms.
2003: Thai PM hails drug war success
2003: Thailand's bloody drugs war
1999 - Economy begins to pick up again. Thai media highlight high cost of drug treatments for Aids and HIV. Thailand begins to pressurise drugs companies to find ways to make the drugs cheaper.
2001 January - Elections won by Thaksin Shinawatra of new Thai Love Thai party. Allegations of vote-buying force partial re-run of poll. Thaksin forms coalition government.
2001 March - A plane Thaksin is due to board explodes. Police say a bomb is to blame.
2001 June - Prime Minister Thaksin visits Burma to discuss drugs and border tensions. He says relations are now back on track. Within days the Mae Sai-Tachilek border crossing is opened again after clashes between Thai and Burmese troops in February.
2001 August - Thaksin is cleared of assets concealment. A conviction by the Thai Constitutional Court could have meant a five-year ban from politics.
2002 May - Burma closes border with Thailand after Thai army fires shells into Burma during battle between Burmese army and ethnic Shan rebels. Border reopens in October.
2003 January - Serious diplomatic upset with Cambodia over comments attributed to a Thai actress that Cambodia's Angkor Wat temple complex was stolen from Thailand. Angry crowds attack the Thai embassy in the Cambodian capital. More than 500 Thai nationals are evacuated.
Inter-religious violence plagues the mainly-Muslim south
2004: Thailand's restive south
2003 February - Controversial crackdown on drugs starts; more than 2,000 suspects are killed by late April. The government blames many killings on criminal gangs; rights groups say extra-judicial killings were encouraged by the authorities.
2004 January-March - More than 100 are killed in a wave of attacks in the largely-Muslim south. The government blames Islamic militants. Martial law is imposed.
2004 April - More than 100 suspected Islamic insurgents are killed after launching coordinated dawn attacks on police bases in the south.
2004 October - 85 Muslim protesters die, many from suffocation, while in army custody following violence at a rally in the south. An enquiry concludes that they were not killed deliberately.
2004: Subway cheers Bangkok commuters
Tsunami 海嘯
2004 December - Thousands of people are killed when massive waves, caused by a powerful undersea earthquake off the Indonesian coast, devastate communities on the western coast of southern Thailand, including the resort of Phuket.
King Bhumibol Adulyadej - the world's longest-reigning monarch
2005 March - Thaksin Shinawatra begins a second term as PM after his party wins February's elections by a landslide.
2005 July - As violent unrest continues in the south, Prime Minister Thaksin is given new powers to counter suspected Muslim militants in the region. In November the death toll in violence since January 2004 tops 1,000.
2005 October - Thailand redoubles efforts to fight bird flu as fresh outbreaks of the disease are reported.
2006 April-May - Snap election, called by the PM amid mass rallies against him, is boycotted by the opposition and is subsequently annulled, leaving a political vacuum. The PM takes a seven-week break from politics.
2006: Thailand marks king's anniversary
2006 August - Prime Minister Shinawatra accuses several army officers of plotting to kill him after police find a car containing bomb-making materials near his house.
2006 September - Six simultaneous motorcycle bombs kill three people and wound more than 60 on a busy street in the southern town of Hat Yai.
2006 19 September - Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, on a visit to New York, declares a state of emergency in Bangkok amid rumours of a coup.
2006年 9/19 正在美國訪問的總理塔克辛, 在軍事政變的傳言中, 透過電視宣佈曼谷進入緊急狀態
沒有留言:
張貼留言